Over the Last Three Years

A highly contagious, often deadly form of bird flu known as H5N1 has taken a staggering toll on animals around the globe. The virus has infected birds in more than 80 countries and has impacted the United States alone, affecting 72 million farmed birds, as reported by the Department of Agriculture. It has also affected a wide range of wild bird species, as well as mammals such as foxes, skunks, bears, cats, sea lions, and dolphins, causing a small number of deaths in humans. The risk to the general public remains low, according to experts.

Now, the virus is surging again in Europe and North America and causing mass animal mortality events in South America. It appears to be spreading in the Antarctic region for the first time, raising concerns about its potential impact on the region’s wildlife.

The Virus is Expanding into New Territory

The current version of the virus has spread globally, with rapid outbreaks in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, and, most recently, South America. It was found in the Antarctic region for the first time in 2023, prompting concern about its potential impact on the region’s wildlife.

Seasonal Patterns May Be Emerging

There are indications of seasonal patterns in the virus’s spread, with outbreaks tapering off in the summer and surging during the fall. This pattern may become the new normal, according to experts.

Immunity Remains a Wild Card

There are questions about whether birds that survive the virus develop immunity against it and how that could impact future outbreaks. Some studies suggest potential signs of immunity in certain bird species, providing hope for threatened populations.

Outbreaks in Mammals Are Causing Concern

Although the virus primarily affects birds, it has been detected in mammals with unusual frequency. Concerns have arisen about mammal-to-mammal transmission, potential adaptation of the virus to mammals, and the risk of the virus spreading more easily among humans.