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The proper to peaceable meeting and freedom of expression
Iran’s judiciary and safety providers proceed to make use of vaguely outlined provisions of the felony code to arrest and prosecute activists for freedom of peaceable meeting and expression.
Death penalty and inhuman punishment
At least 227 individuals had been executed in Iran as of November 1, up from 253 in 2017, in keeping with human rights teams.
The decline within the general variety of executions over the previous two years is essentially attributable to amendments to Iran’s narcotics regulation in 2017 that strengthened the appliance of the demise penalty for drug-related offenses.
Judicial authorities additionally carried out the demise penalty on one individual beneath the age of 18 and a minimum of two others who had been sentenced to demise for crimes allegedly dedicated as youngsters. Under Iran’s present penal code, judges have the discretion to not impose the demise penalty for crimes allegedly dedicated as youngsters. However, a number of individuals who have been retried beneath the penal code for crimes allegedly dedicated as youngsters have been given the demise penalty once more.
Iranian regulation considers acts resembling “insulting the Prophet,” “apostasy,” same-sex relations, adultery, and sure non-violent drug-related offenses to be crimes punishable by demise. The regulation additionally supplies for the inhuman punishment of flogging for over 100 crimes, together with the cost of “disturbing public order,” which has been used to condemn people for collaborating in peaceable assemblies.
Human rights defenders and civil society activists
Many human rights defenders, together with Narges Mohammadi and Athena Dayemi, stay imprisoned for his or her peaceable activism.
Due course of rights and honest trial requirements
Several people charged with nationwide safety crimes, in addition to human rights defenders Arash Sadeghi and Saeed Shirzad, confronted lack of entry to satisfactory medical care whereas in detention.
IRGC intelligence companies proceed to arrest twin Iranian nationals and foreigners on imprecise prices resembling “collaborating with a hostile state.” At least 12 of these arrested stay incarcerated, disadvantaged of due course of, and routinely subjected to smear campaigns by pro-government media.
Women’s Rights, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity
Iranian girls face discrimination in standing issues associated to marriage, divorce, inheritance, and youngster custody. Married girls can not receive a passport or journey overseas with out their husband’s written permission. Civil code offers husbands the suitable to decide on their place of residence and may prohibit their wives from pursuing sure professions in the event that they deem them opposite to “household values.”
Unlike males, Iranian girls can not go on their nationality to foreign-born spouses or youngsters. However, after greater than a decade of girls’s rights actions, on October 2nd, the Guardian Council, consisting of 12 Islamic jurists, lastly authorised the revised regulation handed by the Iranian parliament on March thirteenth. This permits Iranian girls married to international males to use for Iranian nationality for his or her youngsters beneath the age of 18. Children who’re already 18 years previous can apply for Iranian nationality straight. However, the regulation requires the Ministry of Intelligence and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) intelligence company to certify that there are not any “safety points” earlier than nationality may be authorised.
On June 26, the Supreme Court unanimously dominated that the National Compensation Fund should pay the differential between female and male diyas, the compensation given to the sufferer’s household within the occasion of demise or incapacity.
Over the previous two years, Iranian courts have handed down harsh sentences to dozens of girls who protested Iran’s obligatory hijab regulation, in addition to outstanding human rights activists who supported their efforts, together with Farhad Meisami and Sotoudeh’s husband, Reza Khandan.
On July 31, Branch 31 of Tehran’s Revolutionary Court sentenced Yasman Aliani, her mom Monireh Arabshahi, and Mojgan Keshavarz, who had been arrested whereas protesting the obligatory hijab regulation, to 5 years in jail for “meeting and conspiracy towards nationwide safety,” one 12 months for “propaganda towards the state,” and 10 years for “encouraging and supporting treason towards the state.” [moral] The court docket sentenced Keshavarz to an extra seven and a half years for “insulting sanctity”. If the sentence is upheld on attraction, every defendant will serve a minimum of 10 years in jail.
On August 27, the court docket dominated that Saba Khordakhshari, a 22-year-old lady who was arrested for protesting the obligatory hijab, ” [moral] She was sentenced to seven and a half years for “corruption and prostitution” and one and a half years for “meeting and collusion towards nationwide safety” and one and a half years for “propaganda towards the state.” If the sentences are upheld, she faces a minimum of 15 years in jail.
Under Iranian regulation, same-sex conduct is punishable by flogging and, for males, the demise penalty. Sex reassignment surgical procedure is authorized and sponsored for transgender individuals, however there are not any legal guidelines prohibiting discrimination towards transgender individuals.
Treatment of ethnic minorities
The authorities additionally discriminates towards different non secular minorities, together with Sunni Muslims, and restricts the cultural and political actions of the nation’s Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Arab, and Baluch ethnic minorities.
Rights of individuals with disabilities
According to authorities statistics, within the 2018-2019 tutorial 12 months, solely 150,000 of an estimated 1.5 million school-age youngsters with disabilities had been attending college, greater than half of whom attended particular faculties segregated from different college students. The whole variety of school-age youngsters with disabilities in Iran is estimated at 1.5 million. One major problem is the federal government’s obligatory medical examinations, which deem some youngsters with disabilities “uneducable” and exclude them from training altogether. Other boundaries embrace poor bodily entry to highschool buildings, discriminatory attitudes of faculty employees, and an absence of correct coaching for academics and college directors on inclusive training strategies.
Key worldwide actors
The United States has imposed more and more broad financial sanctions on Iran. While the U.S. authorities has carved out an exception for humanitarian imports within the sanctions regime, banking restrictions severely restrict Iran’s capacity to finance humanitarian imports, together with essential medicines and medical tools, creating extreme hardship for peculiar Iranians.
In February, European Union international ministers adopted conclusions reaffirming their assist for and dedication to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on Iran’s nuclear actions and expressing concern over the human rights scenario in Iran. In April, the EU renewed for one 12 months focused sanctions towards Iranian human rights violations which were in place since 2011.
In March and September, the European Parliament handed resolutions on the human rights scenario in Iran, specializing in human rights defenders, girls’s rights, and the scenario of twin nationals in Iran. The resolutions known as for the discharge of arbitrarily detained activists and for the modification of Article 48 of Iran’s Criminal Procedure Code to ensure all defendants the suitable to a good trial and to be represented by a lawyer of their selection.