Iran was shaken by an unprecedented well-liked rebellion towards the Islamic republic. Security forces illegally fired dwell ammunition and steel bullets to quell the protests, killing tons of of males, girls, and youngsters and injuring 1000’s extra. Thousands of individuals have been arbitrarily detained or unjustly prosecuted merely for peacefully exercising their human rights. Women, LGBTI folks, and ethnic and spiritual minorities endure from elevated discrimination and violence. Enforced disappearances, torture, and different ill-treatment, together with intentional denial of medical care, had been widespread and systematic. Cruel and inhuman punishments reminiscent of flogging, mutilation, and blinding had been inflicted or practiced. Executions elevated and public executions resumed. Trials remained systematically unfair. There has been systematic impunity for previous and ongoing crimes towards humanity associated to the 1988 jail bloodbath and different crimes below worldwide legislation.
background
An unprecedented well-liked rebellion has rocked Iran since September, with folks demanding an finish to the Islamic Republic. Protests continued into the top of the 12 months.
In March, the UN Human Rights Council renewed the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Iran. In November, the company established a fact-finding mission to analyze human rights violations associated to the riots.
All unbiased UN specialists and worldwide observers, aside from the Special Rapporteur on the opposed results of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights, had been denied entry to Iran.
In March, Iran signed a bilateral settlement with Belgium on the Transfer of Prisoners, which was designed to offer impunity to Iranian state officers arrested and convicted overseas for severe human rights violations. This raises considerations in regards to the potential for exploitation. In December, the Belgian Constitutional Court partially blocked implementation of the treaty, with an annulment ruling anticipated to be issued in early 2023.
Iran continued to offer navy help to authorities forces within the Syrian armed battle (see Syria).
Iran supported the Russian authorities’s invasion of Ukraine by offering Shahed-136 drones, which had been used to focus on and destroy civilian infrastructure.
From September to October, the Revolutionary Guards attacked Kurdish rebels in Iraq’s Kurdistan area, killing greater than a dozen folks, together with a pregnant lady.
Freedom of expression, affiliation and meeting
The Internet User Protection Bill, which might additional infringe on on-line freedoms and world web entry, stays pending. In September, an govt order was issued additional limiting entry to on-line content material.
In May, safety forces in Khuzestan, Chahalmahal, and Bakhtiari provinces used dwell ammunition and chook hearth to quell principally peaceable protests towards hovering meals costs and a lethal constructing collapse in Abadan, Khuzestan province. , used tear fuel, and water cannon illegally. At least 4 folks died. Numerous folks, together with kids, have been injured by birdshooters, and using birdshooters violates prohibitions towards torture and different ill-treatment. 1
More than half of these killed belonged to the oppressed Baluch ethnic minority in Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, and the oppressed Kurdish minority in Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan provinces. .
University college students and schoolchildren who peacefully protested had been expelled from faculty and subjected to violent assaults, beatings, and different abuse.
arbitrary detention and unfair trial
Thousands of individuals had been arbitrarily detained or unjustly prosecuted for peacefully exercising their human rights in the course of the 12 months. Many remained unjustly imprisoned.
Two younger males had been arbitrarily executed after a sham trial and with out prior discover to their households in reference to nationwide riots, and dozens of others had been sentenced to overly broad loss of life sentences, together with for “enmity to God” (moharebeh) have been sentenced to loss of life or stay on trial for crimes reminiscent of ) and “corruption of the earth” (efsad-e fel-arz).
Hundreds of employees, together with academics, confronted arbitrary detention for putting, collaborating in International Workers’ Day rallies, or in any other case elevating considerations about labor rights.
The apply of arbitrarily detaining overseas nationals and twin nationals continued, and in some circumstances amounted to the crime of hostage-taking3.
The arbitrary home arrest of dissidents Mehdi Karroubi, Mir Hossein Mousavi and Zahra Rahnavard has entered its twelfth 12 months.
The judiciary lacks independence and there are systematic violations of due course of, together with denial of entry to attorneys throughout investigations, compelled disappearances, incommunicado detention, admission of torture-tainted “confessions” as proof, and falsification of summaries and secrets and techniques. He oversaw a repressive equipment full of individuals. Trials bear no resemblance to judicial proceedings and end in imprisonment, flogging, and loss of life sentences.
Torture and different abuses
Torture and different ill-treatment, together with extended solitary confinement and intentional denial of medical care, remained widespread and systematic. Forced “confessions” obtained below torture and different ill-treatment had been broadcast on state tv.
Dozens of individuals died in custody below suspicious situations that included credible studies of bodily torture and denial of medical care. Investigations haven’t been performed in accordance with worldwide requirements.
The penal code maintained penalties for violating prohibitions on torture and different ill-treatment, together with flogging, blinding, mutilation, crucifixion, and stoning.
In October, the circumstances of two males and a lady had been despatched to Tehran’s Execution Directorate for execution of blind sentences primarily based on the precept of kesas (retribution in type). There was no public info on its implementation by the top of the 12 months.
According to the Abdurrahman Boroumand Center, courts handed down no less than 178 flogging sentences.
discrimination
Ethnic minorities, together with Ahwazi Arabs, Azerbaijani Turks, Baluchis, Kurds, and Turkmens, face widespread discrimination and have restricted entry to training, employment, enough housing, and political workplace. Underinvestment continued in areas the place ethnic minorities dwell, worsening poverty and exclusion.
Despite repeated requires linguistic variety, Persian remained the one language of instruction in main and secondary training.
Several Gonabadi Darvis remained unjustly imprisoned.
LGBTI folks have suffered systematic discrimination and violence. Consensual same-sex sexual relations continued to be criminalized, with penalties starting from flogging to loss of life. “Conversion remedy,” which quantities to state-sanctioned torture and different abuses, remained widespread, together with towards kids. Legal gender change required hormone remedy and surgical procedures, together with sterilization. Gender nonconforming people risked being criminalized and denied entry to training and employment.
In August, a revolutionary court docket in Urmiye, West Azerbaijan, sentenced LGBTI rights activist Zahra Sedighi Hamadani, referred to as Saleh, and one other lady, Elham Chobdar, for his or her precise or perceived sexuality. He was sentenced to loss of life for “corruption on earth.” 6 The Supreme Court vacated their convictions and sentences in December and remanded the case.
The authorized age for marriage for women remained 13, and fathers may get hold of judicial permission for his or her daughters to marry at a youthful age.
Women and women are on the forefront of well-liked uprisings, difficult many years of gender-based discrimination and violence, violating discriminatory and degrading compelled veiling legal guidelines, and leading to each day harassment by state and non-state actors. Harassment or violence, arbitrary detention, torture or different ill-treatment, denial of entry to training, employment or public areas.
Enforcement of those legal guidelines will turn into stricter in mid-2022, with Mahsa (Jina )・A state of affairs resulted in Amini’s loss of life in custody. .
The “Dignity and Protection of Women from Violence” invoice launched over a decade in the past has stalled in Congress. Lawmakers have proposed amendments to the invoice that will outline home violence as a separate crime, criminalize marital rape and baby marriage, and be certain that males who kill their wives and daughters are punished accordingly. We’re screwed.
Refugee and immigrant rights
Security forces illegally fired dwell ammunition at Afghan males, girls, and youngsters making an attempt to cross the Afghanistan-Iran border, leading to illegal killings. Afghans who had been in a position to enter Iran had been arbitrarily detained and subjected to torture and different ill-treatment earlier than being illegally deported.
loss of life penalty
The variety of executions elevated from the earlier 12 months, and public executions resumed for the primary time in two years.
A disproportionate variety of these executed had been from the oppressed Baluchi minority.
The loss of life penalty applies to grossly unfair trials, together with for crimes that don’t meet the “most severe crimes” standards, reminiscent of drug trafficking, monetary corruption, and vandalism, and for acts protected by worldwide human rights legislation, together with the peaceable train of rights. was imposed after. Even freedom of expression.
Some had been executed for crimes that occurred as kids. Many others who had been below 18 on the time of the crime remained on loss of life row.
Disclaimer
No public official was investigated or held accountable for extrajudicial executions or different illegal killings, torture, enforced disappearances, or different severe human rights violations in 2022 or earlier than.
Relatives searching for fact and justice and witnesses to the November 2019 protests who testified earlier than the International People’s Tribunal on Iranian Atrocities in London, UK confronted arbitrary detention and different types of harassment.
There was no unbiased investigation into the circumstances surrounding the illegal use of pressure towards inmates or the deaths of no less than eight inmates at Evin Prison in October.
Impunity is widespread for ongoing crimes towards humanity associated to the 1988 mass extrajudicial executions and enforced disappearances, and plenty of of these concerned held high positions, together with the president. High concrete partitions have been erected across the Habaran mass grave, the place the stays of tons of of victims are believed to be buried, elevating considerations in regards to the security of the positioning. In July, a Swedish court docket sentenced former Iranian official Hamid Nouri to life in jail. Following a historic trial primarily based on the precept of common jurisdiction, it investigated crimes associated to the 1988 jail bloodbath.
Unable to stop local weather change and environmental degradation
In July, Iran was one in every of solely eight international locations to abstain from a UN General Assembly decision that declared entry to a clear, wholesome and sustainable atmosphere a common human proper, which was adopted with the help of 161 international locations.
Iran: They’re overtly taking pictures: Iran’s militarized response to protests in May 2022, August 3 Iran: Official doc orders lethal crackdown leaked, requires worldwide motion Highlights, 30 September Iran: The crime of taking Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe hostage shall not go unpunished, 1 June “Iran: 8 prisoners vulnerable to finger amputation” 16 June “Iran: “Increasing Violence Against Iran’s Baha’i Minority” August 23 “Iran: Death Sentences for Iran’s LGBTI Defenders: Zahra Sedighi-Hamadani and Elham Chobdar” September 15 Iran: Mahsa Amini in custody Urgent worldwide motion wanted to make sure accountability for deaths, 27 September Iran: Authorities violate absolute prohibition on torture by means of harassment of witnesses concerned in Iranian Atrocities Tribunal, 7 April “Iran: Tortured prisoners in Evin jail urgently want worldwide response” “Iran: Wall erected round graves of genocide victims reveals pressing want for worldwide investigation”, September 13 Day
Source hyperlink