Ebrahim Raisi, who took workplace in a crippled and unfair election in June, beforehand oversaw the nation’s judicial abuses and is accused of overseeing mass extrajudicial executions of political prisoners in 1988. has been accomplished.
Unilateral U.S. sanctions and the worsening financial state of affairs attributable to the coronavirus pandemic have elevated poverty and lowered dwelling requirements for tens of millions of individuals in Iran. The authorities’s response to the pandemic, significantly its mismanagement of the nationwide vaccine procurement plan, has been criticized for its opacity and politicization.
Freedom of meeting and expression, and the precise to take part in public affairs
On February 22, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) blocked a highway within the Eskan border space of Sarawan city in Sistan-Baluchistan province that residents use to move gas to Pakistan, based on the Baluch Activist Campaign. Security forces then opened fireplace on folks attempting to open the highway, killing at the least 10 folks.
On June 19, former Iranian Attorney General Ebrahim Raisi was sworn in as president after an unfree and unfair election. In the pre-election interval, the Guardian Council, a company of 12 male non secular jurists and authorized specialists tasked with scrutinizing the election, rejected many candidates, together with a number of distinguished authorities officers, with out giving a cause. disqualified the individual. Raeesi, who has a profession within the judiciary spanning greater than 30 years, is a member of the committee that decides the destiny of prisoners in 1988, when the Iranian authorities summarily executed hundreds of political prisoners held in Iranian prisons in an extrajudicial method. He is claimed to have served as a committee member. A criminal offense towards humanity.
On July 15, folks took to the streets for a number of nights in dozens of cities and cities in Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces, which have massive populations of Arab minorities, to protest days of lack of entry to scrub water. Ta. Human rights teams have confirmed the identities of at the least 9 folks shot lifeless or injured through the protests, together with a 17-year-old boy. Footage from protests in cities in Khuzestan province has been shared on social media, exhibiting safety forces firing firearms and tear gasoline at demonstrators.
Human rights defenders and civil society activists
In July, an Iranian court docket sentenced Manousheh Bakhtiari, the daddy of Pooya Bakhtiari, 27, who was shot to demise throughout a crackdown on protesters in November 2019, to 3 and a half years in jail and two and a half years in inner exile. handed down the decision. Unclear fees apply in distant areas.
proper to life and execution
Iran stays one of many world’s main international locations implementing the demise penalty. As of November 8, 2021, Iran had executed at the least 254 folks, together with at the least seven on terrorism-related fees, based on human rights teams.
Judicial authorities additionally executed at the least one one who was sentenced to demise for a criminal offense he allegedly dedicated as a toddler. Under Iran’s present legal legislation, judges can use their discretion to not sentence people to demise for crimes they allegedly dedicated as kids. However, a number of folks have been retried below the Penal Code for crimes they allegedly dedicated as kids and subsequently sentenced to demise once more.
Iranian legislation considers acts similar to “insulting the Prophet,” “apostasy,” homosexuality, adultery, ingesting alcohol, and sure non-violent drug-related offenses to be punishable by demise. The legislation additionally supplies for the inhuman punishment of flogging for greater than 100 crimes, together with “disruption of public order,” a criminal offense that may punish people for collaborating in protests. It has been used to declare.
Access to the COVID-19 vaccine
Due course of rights, honest trial requirements, and jail circumstances
The Revolutionary Guard’s intelligence companies proceed to arrest Iranian twin nationals and foreigners on imprecise fees similar to “cooperating with a hostile state.”
Women’s rights, kids’s rights, sexual orientation, gender id
At least 5 activists are at the moment in jail for his or her peaceable protests towards the obligatory hijab legislation.
Although circumstances of feminine femicide are more and more reported within the media and social media, Iran lacks legal guidelines on home violence to stop abuse and defend survivors. On January 3, the Cabinet authorized a draft legislation on violence towards ladies. The invoice takes a step ahead in offering a authorized definition of violence towards ladies and measures to help victims, but it surely lacks provisions criminalizing marital rape and little one marriage. With the change in authorities, it’s unclear whether or not this invoice will probably be submitted to Congress for a vote.
Iran’s penal code exempts corporal punishment imposed by dad and mom or guardians “throughout the limits of customary follow” from punishment.
On November 1, the Guardian Council handed the “Population Rejuvenation and Family Support” invoice, which supplies a lot of incentives for childbirth and seeks to additional limit entry to contraception and abortion.
The invoice prohibits voluntary sterilization and free distribution of contraceptives within the public well being system, besides when being pregnant threatens a girl’s well being. The invoice additionally directs the Ministry of Health, together with medical doctors, Islamic jurists, and representatives from the judiciary and parliamentary well being committees, to draft new ordinances on abortion that would result in additional restrictions on entry to abortion. Requires the institution of a committee.
Under present legislation, if three medical doctors agree that the being pregnant threatens the lady’s life or that the fetus has a extreme bodily or psychological malformation that might trigger “excessive struggling” to the mom, Abortion might be legally carried out for a number of months. In October, a letter issued by a criminal offense prevention officer in Iran’s Mazandaran province’s judiciary was leaked on Twitter asking native laboratories for constructive being pregnant exams to stop “legal abortions.” Required to report on ladies.
Treatment of ethnic minorities, refugees, and immigrants
The authorities additionally discriminates towards different non secular minorities, together with Sunni Muslims, and restricts the cultural and political actions of the nation’s Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Arab, and Baluch minorities. Minority activists are routinely arrested and prosecuted on vaguely outlined nationwide safety fees in trials that fall considerably beneath worldwide requirements.
Iran hosts a long-term inhabitants of roughly 780,000 registered Afghan refugees and an estimated 850,000 undocumented Afghans. In mid-August, the federal government arrange three non permanent tent camps for refugees fleeing Afghanistan, however entry was restricted to these with legitimate passports and visas, making most Afghan asylum seekers inaccessible. The border, however, remained closed. During September, roughly 2,000 Afghans had been estimated to enter Iran irregularly per day, and an analogous quantity had been forcibly returned from Iran.
The proper to water and the affect of local weather change
As one of many world’s prime 10 greenhouse gasoline emitters, Iran is contributing to the local weather disaster, which is inflicting growing injury to human rights world wide. Most of the emissions come from the vitality sector, with 94 p.c of Iran’s electrical energy coming from fossil fuels. Iran is the eighth largest producer of crude oil and third largest producer of pure gasoline, but it surely additionally has important renewable vitality potential. Energy prices are closely sponsored, which is without doubt one of the elements contributing to excessive per capita vitality depth. Iran has taken little steps to cut back its dependence on fossil fuels and repeatedly cites worldwide sanctions as a barrier to transitioning to scrub vitality. Iran is certainly one of six international locations that haven’t but ratified the Paris Agreement.
Throughout Iran, and particularly in Khuzestan, there are long-standing considerations about mismanagement of water assets and air pollution from oil exploration. Environmental specialists have been warning for many years that improvement tasks within the oil-rich Khuzestan province, similar to constructing hydroelectric dams, irrigation tasks, and transferring water to neighboring provinces, are having a unfavourable affect on the surroundings and affecting varied rights. They have warned that that is inflicting a water scarcity.
Climate change poses critical threats to Iranian livelihoods, together with rising temperatures, extra frequent and intense forest fires, sandstorms, inland flooding, and rising sea ranges. In 2021, drought exacerbated long-standing pressures on water assets. Increases within the frequency and depth of droughts are predicted to proceed, lowering agricultural productiveness and placing meals safety in danger.
main worldwide actors
Although there have been a number of rounds of oblique negotiations between Iran and the United States in direction of a return to compliance with the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the United States has imposed a variety of financial and monetary sanctions towards Iran. Maintained. Although the U.S. authorities has constructed exemptions for humanitarian imports into its sanctions regime, in actuality, U.S. and European firms and banks are reluctant to promote exempt humanitarian items and companies for concern of authorized motion or sanctions from the United States. Human Rights Watch discovered that the nation continues to chorus from exports and loans. authorities.
On June 17, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) issued further basic exemptions increasing current humanitarian exemptions for transactions and actions involving masks, ventilators, oxygen tanks, vaccine deliveries, and vaccine manufacturing. issued a allow. , Covid-19 testing, air filtration techniques, Covid-19 associated discipline hospitals, and many others.
On July 27, Swedish prosecutors introduced their choice to indict an Iranian nationwide for “committing critical warfare crimes and homicide in Iran in 1988.” The trial started on August 10 and is scheduled to final till April 2022.