President Ebrahim Raisi is accused of overseeing mass extrajudicial executions of political prisoners in 1988.
Excessive and lethal pressure, torture, and sexual assault
Security forces have cracked down on widespread protests that erupted throughout the United States in September 2022, committing illegal killings, torture, sexual assault, and compelled disappearances of protesters, together with girls and kids, as a part of critical violations. I did it. Human rights teams are investigating the reported deaths of round 500 protesters, together with not less than 68 kids. In most incidents, safety forces reportedly shot victims utilizing numerous sorts of bullets.
Incidents documented by Human Rights Watch embrace safety forces sexually assaulting a 17-year-old boy, forcing a highschool pupil right into a lit gasoline range throughout an arrest, and beating and whipping a highschool pupil throughout an interrogation. The prices embrace beating the boy, and interrogators torturing him by sticking needles into him. his nails.
execution
Iran stays one of many world’s high executioners, making use of the dying penalty to people convicted of crimes dedicated as kids or obscure nationwide safety crimes. In some circumstances, additionally it is used for non-violent crimes. Iranian legislation considers acts punishable by dying, together with “insulting the Prophet,” “apostasy,” homosexuality, adultery, ingesting alcohol, and sure non-violent drug-related crimes.
According to a report by the Iranian Human Rights Organization, greater than 700 executions have been carried out in Iran between January and November 2023. This represents a big improve in comparison with the identical interval in 2022. Of these executed, 238 have been charged with “”. There have been 390 circumstances of “intentional homicide” and 390 circumstances of “drug-related crimes.” In addition, 10 individuals have been sentenced to dying on political and security-related prices or blasphemy prices, and one individual was sentenced to dying on prices of espionage.
freedom of meeting and expression
Repression additionally prolonged to universities. Since late July, not less than 29 college lecturers essential of presidency insurance policies have been fired, suspended, compelled to resign, or had their contracts not renewed. The precise quantity might be greater. At least 161 college students have been disciplined for protest-related actions since September, in response to a volunteer committee that tracks detainees. The variety of individuals referred to as earlier than disciplinary committees was even greater. On August 8, the twenty sixth Branch of the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced pupil activists Zia Nabavi and Hasti Amiri of Alameh University to “propaganda in opposition to the state” stemming from their participation in protests in opposition to the alleged poisoning of feminine college students. He was sentenced to 1 12 months in jail for the crime. In the nation.
Attacks on human rights defenders and civil society activists
On April 28, Iranian safety forces raided the house of imprisoned Tehran Teachers’ Union spokesperson Mohammad Habibi and arrested 9 activists who have been visiting his household. Most of those activists had beforehand been unjustly imprisoned.
In July, the Kurdistan Human Rights Network reported that 55 legal professionals have been summoned to the prosecutor’s workplace in Bukan, Kurdistan. They are accused of supporting the household of Mahsa Zina Amini by signing an announcement providing authorized help. On August 30, Saleh Nikbakht, a lawyer representing Amini’s household, appeared earlier than Branch 28 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court on prices of “propaganda in opposition to the state” stemming from media interviews about Amini’s case.
Niroufar Hamedi and Elaheh Mohammadi, reporters from Iran’s Sharg and Hammihan newspapers, who have been among the many first journalists to report on Amini’s dying, have been arrested in September 2022. On October 22, Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court convicted each males of the next prices: They have been sentenced to seven and 6 years in jail, respectively, for “cooperating with a hostile U.S. authorities,” “colluding in opposition to nationwide safety,” and “partaking in propaganda actions in opposition to the regime.”
Due course of rights, honest trial requirements, and jail situations
On August 31, imprisoned Iranian protester Javad Rouhi, 31, died underneath suspicious circumstances in northern Iran, elevating issues about his remedy. After being arrested throughout protests in September 2022, Rouhi endured extreme torture and was later convicted after an unfair trial. Naushahr Prison in Mazandaran province mentioned he was taken to a hospital with a “concussion” and died there regardless of medical help. His dying is underneath investigation by the general public prosecutor’s workplace, his testimony confirmed. lawyer.
In latest years, Iran’s safety equipment has more and more focused twin nationals and international nationals perceived to have ties to Western tutorial, financial, and cultural establishments, utilizing them as bargaining chips in conflicts with Western international locations. There is.
rights of girls and ladies
Women face discrimination relating to private standing, together with choices relating to marriage, divorce, inheritance, and kids. Under civil legislation, husbands have the proper to decide on their place of residence and may stop their wives from pursuing sure occupations in the event that they deem it opposite to “household values.” Under the Passport Act, a married girl can’t acquire a passport or journey overseas with out her husband’s written permission, though her husband can revoke that permission at any time.
Although circumstances of feminine femicide are more and more reported within the media and social media, Iran lacks legal guidelines on home violence to stop abuse and defend survivors. Based on official statistics, from March 2021 to the tip of June 2023, not less than 165 girls in Iran have been killed by males of their households, on common one each 4 days, as reported by Sha’ar newspaper. Such killings happen at a charge of From mid-March to mid-May 2023 alone, 27 girls have been reported to have been killed in so-called “honor killings,” the killing of girls and ladies by members of the family.
Iran’s strict anti-abortion legal guidelines have launched further measures limiting girls’s entry to abortion. The Ministry of Health suspended the issuance of licenses for the manufacture and import of first-trimester prenatal screening kits.
Pregnant girls who select to bear a prenatal genetic screening take a look at should cowl the related prices themselves.
sexual orientation and gender id
Under Iranian legislation, same-sex acts are punishable by flogging and, for males, the dying penalty. Iran permits and subsidizes gender reassignment surgical procedure for transgender individuals, however there are not any legal guidelines prohibiting discrimination in opposition to transgender individuals.
remedy of minorities
The authorities additionally discriminates in opposition to different spiritual minorities, together with Sunni Muslims, and restricts the cultural and political actions of the nation’s Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Arab, and Baluch minorities. Minority activists are routinely arrested and prosecuted on vaguely outlined nationwide safety prices in trials that fall considerably beneath worldwide requirements.
Climate change coverage and its influence
As one of many world’s high 10 greenhouse gasoline emitters, Iran’s vital contribution to the local weather disaster has implications for international human rights. The majority of emissions come from the vitality sector, with 94% of electrical energy generated from fossil fuels. Iran ranks eighth on the earth in crude oil manufacturing and third in pure gasoline manufacturing, but it surely additionally has vital renewable vitality potential. Energy is closely sponsored, leading to excessive per capita vitality consumption. Iran has made restricted efforts to cut back its dependence on fossil fuels, usually citing worldwide sanctions as an impediment to introducing cleaner vitality options. Notably, Iran is among the three international locations that has not but ratified the Paris Agreement.
Throughout Iran, notably in Khuzestan province, there are long-standing issues about mismanagement of water sources and air pollution from oil exploration.
main worldwide actors
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has awarded the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize to Narges Mohammadi for her “battle in opposition to the oppression of girls and for the promotion of human rights and freedoms for all in Iran.” .
The European Parliament has awarded the 2023 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought to Mahsa Zina Amini and the Iranian Women, Life and Freedom Movement.
At the particular session of the United Nations Human Rights Council in November 2022, the International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran was established to “completely examine allegations of human rights violations within the Islamic Republic of Iran associated to the protests that started on September 16, 2022. The mission was to conduct an unbiased investigation. Especially in terms of girls and kids. ” The fact-finding mission is anticipated to challenge an oral replace in June 2023 and a ultimate report in March 2024.